In the Iliad we saw women as items of exchange and as markers of status for the men who possessed them (Chryseis and Briseis, whom Agame mnon and Achilles argue over in Book I). We saw them in their normal social roles as mothers and wives(Hecuba, Andromache in Book VI). We saw stereotypical characterizations of them as fickle (Helen in Book VI), seductive,and deceitful (Hera in Book XIV). We see them as an obstacle that the male hero has to overcome or resist to fulfill his heroicdestiny (Andromache's entreaties to Hector in Book VI).In all, the few times women show up in what is basically a story told in the male sphere, the re is nothing that subverts or callsinto question the structure of the society that is being portrayed... or is there?To the extent that the Iliad has a moral lesson to impart to its readers, part of it would have to be that the behavior of Agamemnon and Achilles in the first book (and beyond) is excessive. Both men are so fixated on their own images as heroic warriorsthat they end up bringing woe upon themselves and the rest of the Greeks. Part of that behavior is the way they treat the women not as human beings but as emblems of their own status and martial prowess. Look carefully at what Agamemnon says to theprophet who declared that he had to give back Chryseis (Page 62): Now once more you make divination to the Dana ans, argue forth your reason why he who strikes from afar afflicts them, because I for the sake of the girl Chryseis would not take the shining ransom; and indeed I wish greatly to have her in my own house; since I like her be tter than Klytaimestra my own wife, for in truth she is no way inferiorTo those who already knew the stories of the Trojan War heroes (which all of the original Greek audience of the epic would),these words would be ominous ones. They would know that Agamemnon had angered hi s wife Klytaimestra (Clytemnestra),by sacrif...
